Devil Dog - Belleau Woods

The Marine Corps League, formed in 1923 by members of what had been the Marine Corps Veterans Association, assimilated more than 40 existing marine oriented organizations that sprang up following the end of World War I. Comprised largely of veterans of the fierce fighting between the Fifth and Sixth Marine Regiments and the Germans, these returning veterans of the Great War (“the war to end all wars”) were called “Teufelhunde” by their German adversaries, literally meaning “Dogs of the Devil,” or as we now know, DEVIL DOGS. Legend has it that, because our Marines were so undersupplied during the battle of Belleau Wood; that1 when they engaged the Germans in hand—to-hand combat, they bit them!

These battle—hardened Marines who, for all time, earned for ensuing generations, the title “Devil Dog” more than 74 years ago on 6 June 1918, were a part of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) commanded by General John J. “Black Jack” Pershing. They had set sail on 14 June 1917 under orders from Major General Commandant George Barnett as a “Force in Readiness.” At the time, the total strength of the Marine Corps, worldwide, stood at 511 officers and 13,214 enlisted men. Landing in Europe, they included two-time Medal of Honor recipient First Sergeant Dan Daly. Colonel A. W. Catlin, a Medal of Honor recipient at Vera Cruz, was evacuated from Belleau Wood after having been shot by a German sniper. Gunnery Sergeant E. A. Janson (who served in the Corps as Charles Hoffman) earned the first Marine Medal of Honor for saving his command, the 49th Company. At the end of the battle for Belleau Wood, 1,062 Marines lay dead. The French General commanding the Sixth Army ordered that Belleau Wood (Bois de Belleau) be henceforth known as “Bois de la Brigade de Marine.” Seven Marines would ultimately be awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions during World War I. Alphabetically, they were: Sergeant Louis Cukela, Gunny Sergeant Earnest A. Janson, Private John J. Kelley, Sergeant Matej Kocak, Corporal John H. Pruitt, Gunnery Sergeant Robert G. Robinson, Gunnery Sergeant Fred W. Stockham and 2nd Lieutenant Ralph Tabot. The Medal for Stockham was not authorized until 15 July 1939; and, only after Commandant—designate Major General Clifton B. Cates prevailed on the Congress and President Roosevelt to enact special legislation awarding the medal posthumously on the recommendation of then Lieutenant Cates the day after the action.

Following the establishment of the Marine Corps League, the leadership of the League decided that the delegates assembling in convention needed some time during their serious deliberations to “blow off steam.” As a result, the Military Order of Devil Dogs was organized and created in 1939, in Boston, MA; and, granted a charter as a subsidiary organization of the Marine Corps League on 19 March 1940. From those early years, the Military Order of Devil Dogs (the Order) has grown to a strength of over 3,000 members.
The Order is organized in nearly every state where there is a Marine Corps League presence. Now in its 53rd year, the Order boasts a semi—permanent headquarters in Michigan, and a full—time Kennel Dog Robber/National Executive Secretary.

The Order, the FUN and HONOR SOCIETY of the Marine Corps League, is comprised of only regular members of the League who have been recommended for membership by 2 members of the Order. Each member undergoes a series of initiations. First, as a Pup, in their Pound (the local organization, the basis of the Order); then, as a Devil Dog in their Pack (the State organization which meets during a Department Convention); and, finally, as a Pedigreed Devil Dog at the SUPREME GROWL held in conjunction with the National Convention of the League. Each degree must be held for one full year before candidacy for the next degree may be considered.

It promotes good fellowship amongst the members of the different Marine Corps League Detachments. The Order provides amusement and entertainment at all gatherings of the League, when and where advisable, preserves and strengthens the principles and ideals of the League, and maintains true allegiance to the United States of America and its Constitution and laws. It fosters and extends American institutions of freedom and defends America against all enemies whatsoever. The Order is also very active in raising funds for different charities.

“There is nothing Stronger that a Heart of a Volunteer”
Major Doolittle prior to Raid on Japan 4/18/42

With the great interest in commemoration of WWII and Korea over the past 10 years, and made even more noticeable by the popular movies on the subject, as well as constant articles, TV specials and Memorial Day remembrances, it is easy to forget a date with great meaning to the Marine Corps. There are no planned celebrations of this date, or specific remembrances apart from the very dusty memories of participants, if indeed any remain, and their families. But their Corps should never forget, and indeed will never forget.

The 6th of June is a date all Americans relate to as the day allied forces landed at Normandy, thus opening the long awaited second front against the Axis powers in occupied Europe. Perhaps Europeans relate to this date even more than Americans do, and rightly so. However, on exactly the same date 26 years before, France was in perhaps even more desperate circumstances as the Ludendorff offensive rolled over a dispirited army and to within 40 miles of Paris. The end was near. It was then that a single American brigade arrived ‑‑ a single brigade ‑‑ the Fourth Marine Brigade, never having been formed into a brigade before, and turned the tide of assured defeat into incredible victory.

No one had ever heard of Marines before other than ships detachments and constabulary troops. After this battle, no one would ever forget them.

If we had a single battle honor emblazoned on our colors as the Royal Marines do, I would argue that it should be "Belleau Wood". For it was here that our modern Marine Corps was born, and it was here that our reputation, earned in desperate battle, would be expected of all Marines in the future; by friends and allies, but most especially by our enemies. I believe this "spirit of Belleau Wood" is present in the Marine Corps today, as it was at Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Iwo Jima, Wake Island, Pusan, Inchon, Chosin and the many nameless muddy, steaming jungles and paddies of

Vietnam. It was present when Marines breached the "impregnable defenses" in the Gulf War, and it was certainly present in the minds of the record Number of prisoners lined up six deep for the opportunity to surrender to Marines rather than fight them. What they lacked in fighting ability they made up for with good judgment.

In this "spirit of Belleau Wood" the below message was written 20 years ago by the undersigned, then serving for a short period as XO, 6th Marines. I believe it applies equally today as it did then, and gives Marines cause to reflect ‑‑ as we should always ‑‑ on our extraordinary heritage; more importantly, on the great privilege we have of calling ourselves Marines

Military Order of Devil Dogs
(Belleau Woods)
"Teufelhunde! (Devil Dogs)"
1700 - 6 June 1918

TO: 5TH MARINE REGIMENT SUBJ: BELLEAU WOOD ANNIVERSARY

1. ON THIS MEMORABLE DATE, JUNE 6TH, WE MEMBERS OF THE SIXTH MARINES PAUSE TO SALUTE OUR COMRADES OF THE FIFTH MARINES AND THE MEMORY OF OUR PREDECESSORS IN THESE REGIMENTS ALONG WITH THOSE OF THE SIXTH MACHINE GUN BATTALION. THIS ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATES THE DAY WHEN 63 YEARS AGO AT 5:00 PM, ELEMENTS OF THE FOURTH MARINE BRIGADE ADVANCED INTO AN UNKNOWN FRENCH HUNTING PRESERVE, AND INTO HISTORY. IT WAS THE FOURTH MARINE BRIGADE, COMPRISED OF OUR UNITS, WHICH MET THE MASSIVE LUDENDORFF OFFENSIVE NEAR CHATEAU THIERRY ONLY 40 MILES FROM PARIS ‑‑ THE DEEPEST PENETRATION BY THE GERMANS IN WWI. AS ALL ALLIED UNITS RETREATED EXPECTING THE WORST THE TONE WAS SET IN THE MARINE BRIGADE BY THE CLASSIC, STILL FAMOUS COMMENT OF A COMPANY COMMANDER....."RETREAT HELL, WE JUST GOT HERE". THE FIGHTING SPIRIT OF THE BRIGADE, AND INDEED OF THE SECOND DIVISION (US REGULAR) OF WHICH IT WAS A PART, WAS SUCH THAT FROM THAT MOMENT AT 1700, 6 JUNE 1918, NO FURTHER PENETRATION WAS MADE AND THE OFFENSIVE STOPPED. ADVANCING INTO THE WOODS ‑‑BELLEAU WOOD ‑‑ THE MARINES OF OUR UNITS BEGAN GAINING GROUND WHICH WAS NEVER AGAIN LOST. THAT TURNED THE TIDE AGAINST GERMANY, FORCING THEIR SURRENDER. IN THE LONG, SANGUINE HISTORY OF THE WAR WHICH AT THIS POINT WAS ENTERING ITS FIFTH YEAR, NO SINGLE BRIGADE HAD HAD THE MOMENTOUS INFLUENCE ON THE OUTCOME AS HAD OURS. THE CLASSIC COURAGE OF THE "DEVIL DOGS"AND "STORM TROOPS" AS THE MARINES WERE CALLED BY THEIR ENEMY IS NOW OUR LEGACY. MANY TRADITIONS WHICH NOW ENDURE IN OUR CORPS HAD THEIR ORIGIN IN THE FOURTH MARINE BRIGADE IN FRANCE.

2. THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT GAVE PERMANENT RECOGNITION TO THE SUCCESS OF THE MARINE BRIGADE IN RENAMING BELLEAU WOOD "THE WOOD OF THE MARINE BRIGADE", AND MAKING IT PERMANENTLY UNITED STATES SOIL. ADDITIONALLY, JULY 4TH WAS DECLARED AND CELEBRATED AS A NATIONAL FRENCH HOLIDAY IN HONOR OF THE AMERICAN MARINES. EQUALLY COMMENDABLE, THE FRENCH ARMY IN GIVING TWO AWARDS OF THE "CROIX DE GUERRE" TO THE BRIGADE MADE IT THE ONLY AMERICAN UNIT THROUGHOUT THE WAR TO HAVE EARNED THE RIGHT TO WEAR THE FRENCH FOURRAGERE AS A DISTINCTIVE UNIT COMMENDATION. THIS SAME FOURRAGERE IS OF COURSE WORN BY OUR MARINES TODAY AS A LEGACY OF THOSE BRAVE MEN OF THE MARINE BRIGADE.

3. WE OF THE SIXTH MARINES SHOW GREAT PRIDE IN THE HISTORY OF OUR REGIMENT AND ON THIS HISTORICAL DATE REMEMBER PARTICULARLY THE FIFTH MARINES AS WELL AS THE SIXTH MACHINE GUN BATTALION WHOSE MEMORY WE HONOR. THESE UNITS COMPRISING THE FOURTH MARINE BRIGADE ACHIEVED SUCCESS SO REMARKABLE THAT IN LATER YEARS THE FRENCH SUPREME COMMANDER, MARSHALL FOCH, WOULD POINT TO BELLEAU WOOD AS THE GREAT OFFENSIVE TURNING POINT FROM WHICH GERMANY WOULD NEVER RECOVER, CALLING IT "THE CRADLE OF VICTORY". THE PRICE OF SUCH A VICTORY WAS 126 OFFICERS AND 5,057 MEN OF THE BRIGADE, OR SIXTY PERCENT OF ALL THE DIVISION'S BATTLE DEATHS.

4. TO THE MEMORY OF THOSE GALLANT MARINES WHO GAVE SUCH HONOR TO OUR REGIMENTS AND TO OUR CORPS, WE PLEDGE THAT TODAY'S MARINES IN THESE SAME REGIMENTS SHALL NEVER FORGET THEIR SACRIFICES. ACCORDINGLY, ON THE ANNIVERSARY OF THIS MOST HISTORIC DATE, JUNE 6TH, WE SHALL REDEDICATE OUR BATTLE COLORS AND COMMUNICATE TO YOU OUR CONTINUING PRIDE IN HAVING SERVED ALONGSIDE THE ESTEEMED FIFTH MARINES AT THAT MOST DECISIVE MOMENT WHEN A BRIGADE OF MARINES CHANGED THE COURSE OF HISTORY.

Col. John .W. Ripley USMC (ret.)
Director History & Museums Division United States Marine Corps (202)433‑3838